Church of Scotland China (Manchuria) Collection
- Reference:GB 3189 CSCNWW40
- Dates of Creation:1870-1986
- Name of Creator:
- Language of Material:English Chinese
- Physical Description:5 boxes; 8 rolled items
Scope and Content
The collection contains:
- Documents on the early history of the mission in Manchuria
- Statements and reports from Moukden Medical College
- Correspondence from missionaries
- Details of church property in China
- Chinese language newspapers, hymns and music
- Maps and plans
- Photographs of missionaries, mission stations and Chinese colleagues (captioned)
- Posters, leaflets and illustrations used in mission work
- Chinese artwork
Administrative / Biographical History
The Foreign Mission Committee (later Board of World Mission and Unity) of the Church of Scotland was responsible for the Church's mission work around the world. In 1824 the Church's General Assembly resolved to send its first missionary to India and appointed Alexander Duff who arrived in Bombay in 1830. The first missionary to China arrived at Yichang, modern Hubei province, in 1878 but by that time the Disruption of 1843 had led to the split of the Free Church of Scotland from the main Church and the United Presbyterian Church had been formed in 1847. This latter Church sent its first missionary, Dr John Ross, to Manchuria in 1872 and, in co-operation with the Irish Presbyterian Church, the work grew steadily in evangelical, medical and educational areas.
The Chinese Presbytery (later Synod of Manchuria) was formed in 1891 and in 1899 the Theological College was established at Moukden. In 1900 the United Presbyterian Church joined with the Free Church of Scotland and the missionaries became the responsibility of the new United Free Church transferring to the Church of Scotland in 1929 when the two Churches joined. Despite the Boxer rebellion of 1900 the mission continued to flourish, there was a period of revival in 1908 and Moukden Medical College was opened in 1912.
Conditions were never easy for the missionaries, and they suffered sever disruption during the Japanese occupation (from 1931) and the Sino-Japanese War (from 1937). However in January 1941 there were over seventy Church of Scotland missionaries in Manchuria, but the entry of Japan into the Second World War meant that the missionaries were either evacuated or interned by the Japanese. After the war some of the missionaries were invited back to Manchuria, the first arriving in 1946, but by the end of 1948, with the whole of Manchuria in Communist hands, it became increasingly difficult to work effectively. The main group of missionaries withdrew during 1949 and all had left by August 1950. The Church attempted to keep in touch with developments in China, or with Chinese Christians who had left the country: missionaries and church officials were members of various China focus groups and during the 1980s they took part in the first official Church visits to China.
Access Information
Open to researchers. It is essential to arrange an appointment in advance to view the archive in order that someone can be available to help. Please contact us by email at is-crc@ed.ac.uk . Telephone the Centre on: 0131 650 8900. Postal address: Centre for the Study of World Christianity, University of Edinburgh School of Divinity, New College, Mound Place, Edinburgh, EH1 2LX.
Acquisition Information
The collection was presented to the Centre in 1993.
Other Finding Aids
A paper catalogue listing items in the collection is available to researchers at the Centre.
Archivist's Note
Description originally written and researched by Caroline Brown in August 2001. This was added to Archives Hub in August 2012 by Louise Williams.
Conditions Governing Use
Reproduction of materials (for example by digital camera) is free for private research and educational use, although we ask researchers to sign an agreement. Please contact us for enquiries on using the material in a commercial setting, for which there will be a fee. Contact us by email at is-crc@ed.ac.uk . Telephone the Centre on: 0131 650 8900. Postal address: Centre for the Study of World Christianity, University of Edinburgh School of Divinity, New College, Mound Place, Edinburgh, EH1 2LX.
Accruals
No further additions to the collection are expected.
Related Material
The National Library of Scotland holds the majority of the archives of the Church of Scotland.
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