Where can I obtain information about the examination results of another person (e.g. an ancestor, or the subject of a biography)?

Records of examination results are subject to the Data Protection Act 2018. Information about the Higher Leaving exam in Scotland between 1908 and 1948 are held by the National Records of Scotland under the reference ED36 and ED40. They survive in the form of bound volumes of returns by each school listing the names of the candidates, subjects, grades and marks. The volumes are arranged alphabetically by the parish or burgh in which each school was found. There is a closure period of 100 years.